![]() In resource-limited settings, the situation has proved even more challenging. The CDC's current recommendation is for routine HIV screening in all persons aged 13–64 years. In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) introduced the Expanded HIV Testing Initiative to broaden access to HIV screening and reduce the number of undiagnosed HIV infections. However, in recent years, national efforts have been made to expand HIV testing further. US HIV screening recommendations initially focused on testing individuals with a history of high-risk sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections, blood transfusion between 19, or injection drug use. However, it has been estimated that 20% of HIV-infected individuals in the United States remain unaware of their diagnosis. Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, diagnosisĪpproximately 34 million people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide, with 1.2 million of these residing in the United States. Knowledge of the available laboratory methods for HIV diagnosis is essential in the fight against the spread of HIV. Improved diagnosis of acute HIV, and HIV type 2 in particular, would be expected. Recently proposed alterations to the algorithm would incorporate advancements made in HIV diagnostic testing, thereby increasing sensitivity while reducing turnaround time and cost. The original HIV diagnostic testing algorithm was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1989. More than 50 000 HIV infections occur annually in the United States, and 30%–50% have been attributed to persons with recent infection. People with acute HIV infection have demonstrated enhanced transmission of HIV in multiple epidemiologic and pathogenetic studies. Improved methods of HIV testing could decrease this number, as well as identify those who have recently acquired HIV infection and are at the most critical stage of infectivity. ![]() Of the estimated 1.2 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States, 20% are unaware of their diagnosis.
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